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The Role of Private Sector Annuities Markets in an Individual Accounts Reform of a Public Pension Plan

Autor: Mackenzie, George A.
Año: 2002
Resumen: Pension reforms that establish individual accounts will diminish the relative importance of the traditional state pension while creating a significant role for individual accounts in providing income for retirement. This paper surveys the policy issues this new role entails. It offers general advice to countries considering such issues as the restrictions to be placed on the timing, extent, and form of withdrawals from individual accounts and the need for mandatory annuitization (conversion into annuities) of accumulated account balances. The paper also considers the role that private annuity markets should play and related regulatory, social safety net, tax, and administrative questions.

Fuente: Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI)
Clasificación: Reformas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
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Russia: Bank Assistance for Social Protection

Autor: Thompson, Lawrence H.
Año: 2002
Resumen: This paper is one of the background papers prepared as an input to the Russia Country Assistance Evaluation (CAE) by the Operations Evaluation Department (OED) of the World Bank. In 1992, the Russian Federation commenced reforms to transition to a market economy. This report focuses on the following projects: the Employment Services and Social Protection Loan (ESSP), the Social Protection Adjustment Loan (SPAL), and the Social Protection Implementation Loan (SPIL). From the beginning of its relationship with Russia, the Bank viewed social protection reform as one of the most important elements of its country assistance strategy, largely out of concern that a breakdown in the social safety net would undermine political support for economic reform. In general, the outcome of social protection efforts during the first part of the 1990s was moderately satisfactory and the outcome in the second half of the decade was moderately unsatisfactory. The ESSP was created to ensure a proper response to an anticipated rise in unemployment claims as a result of industrial restructuring and later changed to focus mostly on computerisation and upgrading the data processing capacity of local social protection offices dealing with pension payments. The SPAL-SPIL package addressed most of the important remaining social protection reforms, but with mixed success. Major barriers to success were the poor fiscal conditions prevailing through most of the 1990s, and the unsatisfactory performance of both the Bank and the borrower during the latter half of the 1990s. Lessons to be learned from the Bank’s experience in Russia in the 1990s include the need to: (a) pay more attention to the political and institutional aspects of the reform process; (b) have reasonable expectations about the pace at which reforms can be developed, adopted, and implemented (c) deal with all of the relevant units of government, and not just the federal executive; and (d) employ lending vehicles with more flexibility to adjust lending activities as the policy development and implementation process passes through its various phases. Overall, the author has presented a thorough, professional analysis covering all major aspects of co-operation between the Russian Federation and the Bank in the social protection area in the 1990s.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
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New Ideas about Old Age Security : Toward Sustainable Pension Systems in the 21st Century

Autor: Stiglitz, Joseph E.; Holzmann, Robert. Holzmann, Robert; Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Año: 2001
Resumen: Given the impact of the multipillar approach to pension reform and the diversity of its implementation, the authors, who presented papers at the 1999 conference on "New Ideas About Old Age Security," re-examine the evidence and thinking on pensions and retirement security. This report examines global issues on pension reform which help put in perspective three major sets of questions. A first set of questions deals with generic issues that concern policymakers worldwide, almost independently of apporaches to reform. Most prominent but also least understood are the economic policy questions regarding the economic circumstances that are most conducive to the initiation of a reform and to its eventual success. Equally important are questions relating to the coverage of the labor force under a reformed system. Other questions concern the distributive effects of reformed systems with respect to generation, income group, and gender. A second set of questions is linked with a move toward funded provisions under a multipillar approach. A third set of questions concerns the multipillar reform approach itself. A wide consensus has emerged inside and outside the World Bank about the multipillar framework, but that consensus does not extend to several key issues regarding how the framework should be implemented in practice. The introduction to this report sums up each chapter in the report and concludes with a discussion of policy issues and on areas requiring further research.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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Enhancing Economic Reforms through Social Development : Brazil State Pension Systems Reform LIL

Autor: Kuehnast, Kathleen.
Año: 2001
Resumen: Resolving the pension crisis in Brazil has been neither straightforward nor technically easy. The World Bank provided technical assistance via diagnostic tools that assessed the impacts of current pensions at the state level. The analysis identified likely impacts various pension reform models might have on different social groups, including the poor. The project was realistic in scope. It was intended only to equip the states technically to address pension reform and to assist in setting up stakeholder discussion groups to openly examine and debate the merits of various pension reform proposals. The government allowed the testing of these diagnostic tools on the social security system. In the end, such technical assistance could achieve only part of the reform. The critical component was building internal government support for constitutional reforms of the pension system. This Note summarizes how the State Pensions system Reform LIL Project created the capacity for learning, trust, and reform.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Reformas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
Idioma:

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Reforma a los sistemas de pensiones y los desafíos de la dimensión de género

Autor: Gana Cornejo, Pamela; Arenas de Mesa, Alberto; Ogranización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL), Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Demografía (CELADE)
Año: 2001
Resumen: El libro contribuye al conocimiento de la seguridad social desde la perspectiva de género, analizando las reformas de pensiones a la luz de los casos de Bolivia, Colombia y el Salvador, estudios que sirvieron de base para ampliar el debate en Argentina, Brasil y Chile, así como para otros estudios de carácter regional que evidencian la necesidad de abordar este tema desde un enfoque de derechos y de ciudadanía. Los estudios sintetizados en el libro revelan que las desigualdades más explícitas son la cobertura y el monto de las pensiones, las que adquieren especial relevancia tomando en cuenta que hay más mujeres mayores que hombres y que viven mayor tiempo como pensionadas, debido a que jubilan antes y viven más. Estas desigualdades obedecen a diversos factores. Las diferencias del mercado laboral se trasladan al sistema de pensiones, por lo que la segmentación de género tanto vertical como horizontal y la consecuente concentración femenina en trabajos informales, discontinuos, temporales y precarios inciden en el acceso y permanencia de las mujeres en el sistema de pensiones. Por su parte la discriminación en las remuneraciones, en estrecha relación con la ocupacional, determina que las mujeres obtengan pensiones inferiores a las de los varones. Pero no todo se debe al mercado laboral. En el estudio de las leyes previsionales se identifican disposiciones expresamente discriminatorias. En todos los casos se establece la utilización de tablas actuariales que diferencian entre la expectativa de vida masculina y femenina para el cálculo de las prestaciones. De esta forma, una de las pocas ventajas de las mujeres es transformada en un perjuicio que se agrava en los países en que existe para ellas una menor edad de jubilación, ya que un monto acumulado menor debe dividirse por un número mayor de años, dando como resultado una pensión inferior.

Fuente: Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Libros
Idioma:

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