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Reducing Vulnerability and Increasing Opportunity: Social Protection in the Middle East and North Africa

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2002
Resumen: Despite social, and economic diversity within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, social protection systems share common characteristics. This report develops a framework for a more integrated approach to social protection, and proposes general strategic lines of actions to guide the reform of social protection systems in the MENA region. It argues that, while during the 1970s and 1980s, economic growth rates outweighed growth rates in other regions, and social indicators improved dramatically, the model of development was not sustainable. It further, discusses key features, and major weaknesses of the social protection systems in the MENA countries, by defining an alternative framework for social protection. However, it also argues that traditional social protection schemes, cannot constitute the sole mechanism to protect vulnerable population groups, help the poor, or increase social welfare. Actions outside the traditional social protection system, suggest promoting prudent macroeconomic management, improving governance, rethinking regulatory institutions, and reforming education, and health systems. Concurrently, actions within the traditional social protection system, include improvements in the financial sustainability of social insurance systems, reforming training systems, and designing safety nets as developmental, and community-based, not just assistance, and centrally administered schemes.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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The non-contributory pension programme in Argentina: assessing the impact on poverty reduction

Autor: Bertranou, Fabio; Grushka, Carlos O.
Año: 2002
Resumen: There is increasing acknowledgement of the need to extend the scope of social protection to those segments of the population that have traditionally been excluded from social security. Non-contributory pension programmes constitute an excellent alternative that merits examination. This report will describe and evaluate numerous aspects of the Non-Contributory Pension (NCP) programme in Argentina. The NCP programme — much like other social security programmes in this country — developed in a disorganized manner, involving the grant of various categories of benefits. These include assistance pensions for old-age, disability and mothers with seven or more children; auxiliary pensions (pensiones graciables) awarded by the national legislature; pensions for Malvinas (Falkland Islands) war veterans; pensions for families of persons who “disappeared” during the military regime (1976-83) and pensions granted through special legislation. The NCP programme developed in the context of a social policy characterized by a high degree of fragmentation between not only the national institutions (for example, the Social Security Administration and the Ministry of Social Development), but also between the various levels of government (national, provincial and municipal). The NCP programme accounts for 3 per cent of the aggregate social security expenditure and 0.2 per cent of the GDP. The number of direct beneficiaries with pensions is 350,000 persons, but if health coverage provided for the families of some beneficiaries is included, coverage may be said to extend to 450,000 persons. The average benefit is $153, which is 57 per cent of the average benefit in the contributory system. As regards the programme’s effectiveness in reducing poverty, for those families with a member who receives the benefit, the incidence of poverty is reduced by 31 per cent, while that of extreme poverty or indigence is reduced by 67 per cent. The effect would be greater if inclusion errors were reduced and if the scheme of auxiliary pensions (pensiones graciables) granted by legislators was reformed, or eliminated altogether. Furthermore, the programme must be adapted to the proposed reform of the social security system scheduled for 2002, which provides for the possibility of granting a “universal benefit” to persons over the age of 70 with no source of income or other financial resources.

Fuente: Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
Idioma:

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Namibia's universal pension scheme: trends and challenges

Autor: Schleberger, Eckard
Año: 2002
Resumen: Social security pension schemes are continuing to evolve in Namibia in the postindependence era both as regards their structure and their administration. Namibia inherited various social security schemes that were established during the period of South African rule – in particular, a non-contributory social pension for persons over age 60 and a workers compensation scheme relating to the consequences of work-related accidents and disease. The National Pension Scheme (NPS) – otherwise known as the Universal Pension Scheme – is a social pension, which provides a flat-rate benefit, is non-contributory and nontaxable and payable regardless of other income, for rich and poor alike. The scheme provides for cash assistance in respect of old age, disability, child maintenance and foster-parent care. This report focuses on the old-age aspect of it. The Government continued to reform the contributory social security pension schemes. The Basic State Grant Bill (Act of 2000) was promulgated by Parliament in 2001. It will repeal the National Pensions Act of 1992 and will provide the legal mechanism for all grantbased transfer programmes (including non-contributory old-age pensions), to be combined. In addition, it has been decided to introduce a simple means-tested approach, which will exclude non-poor pensioners from the scope of the scheme. The Social Security Commission, which was established in 1995 under the Social Security Act of 1994, is progressively establishing a national social insurance system. A contributory scheme providing sickness, maternity benefit and funeral grant is already operational. It is anticipated that a national pension scheme based on social insurance principles will commence in 2002, and would operate in parallel with the State Grant Programme.

Fuente: Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
Idioma:

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Anti-poverty programmes in Costa Rica: the non-contributory pension

Autor: Durán Valverde, Fabio
Año: 2002
Resumen: This study provides an overview of the main problems facing the Costa Rican Government’s poverty reduction programmes, with particular emphasis on the management of resources. In particular, it provides a detailed analysis of a specific programme, the NonContributory Scheme for Basic Pensions—also known as the Non-Contributory Pension Scheme—(the NCP Scheme, the Programme) which is administered by the Social Insurance Fund of Costa Rica (CCSS).

Fuente: Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
Idioma:

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Análisis de la ley de seguridad social y su impacto económico

Autor: Guerra, Edwin A.
Año: 2002
Resumen: Análisis de la ley de seguridad social y su impacto económico. Incluye: 1. Historia de la ley. 2. Ley 87-01 de Seguridad Social. 3. Impacto del nuevo sistema de pensiones.

Fuente: Banco Central de la República Dominicana
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Libros
Idioma:

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