---

Ampliación de la cobertura de los sistemas de pensiones en América Latina

Autor: Jiménez, Luis Felipe; Cuadros, Jéssica
Año: 2003
Resumen: La cobertura del sistema de pensiones en América Latina es insuficiente, pese a las reformas introducidas por varios países. Se destaca la influencia de factores estructurales, como el nivel de desarrollo relativo, la incidencia de segmentos del mercado de trabajo de difícil cobertura, rasgos del diseño de los sistemas y sus incentivos, y factores coyunturales. Dada la decisiva influencia de tales elementos estructurales, la ampliación de la cobertura obligará a combinar adecuadamente regímenes contributivos y no contributivos, para lo cual se formulan lineamientos de política. Con el fin de prevenir la pobreza durante la vejez habrá que recurrir a una combinación de elementos de seguros sociales (basados en el ahorro y el reparto); y de seguridad social, con componentes de financiamiento solidario y tributario.

Fuente: Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
Idioma:

Para visualizar el documento, clic aquí »

---

The Pension System in Iran : Challenges and Opportunities, Volume 1. Main Report

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2003
Resumen: The present report evaluates the Iranian pension system and proposes a series o f policy interventions to improve outreach, financing mechanisms, incentives, equity, and management. It has been prepared at the request o f the Management and Planning Organization. Given data constraints, the analysis concentrates primarily on the Social Security Organization and the Civil Servants Retirement Organization, the two main pension funds. Occupational funds and non- contributory regimes are surveyed only briefly. The need to look more closely at these schemes in the near future i s emphasized. The report i s organized in eight sections. Section 1 presents the background o f the study. Section 2 provides a general overview o f the Iranian pension system. Sections 3 and 4 present detailed assessments of the Social Security Organization and the Civil Servants Retirement Organization. Section 5 concentrates on the tax treatment o f retirement savings. Section 6 proposes a framework for guiding pension reform, presents a typology o f pension mechanisms, and reviews international experiences. On the basis o f this framework, Section 7 outlines strategic directions for reforming the Iranian pension system and analyzes the financial and fiscal implications. Finally, Section 8 discusses the political economy o f pension reform and recommends necessary steps for the design and implementation o f a successful reform program.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Reformas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

Para visualizar el documento, clic aquí »

---

Case Study 4 - Poland: Participation in Macroeconomic Policy Making and Reform

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2003
Resumen: In January 1999, Poland launched a new pension system that was the result of 5-6 years of broad outreach campaigns and complex negotiations within the government and between the government and key stakeholder groups. A number of compromises were made to broaden support for the reform; these changes will significantly increase costs during the transition period but without undermining the long-term viability of the reformed pension system. Post-communist Poland operated on a traditional pay-as-you-go (PAYG) system; payroll taxes of current workers financed the pension benefits of current retirees. Due to a number of policy changes expanding early retirement options and other privileges, pension costs skyrocketed in the mid-1990s and Poland had one of the highest spending rates of any post-communist transition country. In addition, long-term demographic shifts led to a decline in people paying into the system relative to those receiving benefits. Contribution rates (i.e., payroll taxes) had already risen from 25% in 1981 to 45% in 1990. They could not easily be pushed up further.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Reformas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

Para visualizar el documento, clic aquí »

---

The Pension System in Iran : Challenges and Opportunities, Volume 2. Technical Appendix

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2003
Resumen: The present report evaluates the Iranian pension system and proposes a series o f policy interventions to improve outreach, financing mechanisms, incentives, equity, and management. It has been prepared at the request o f the Management and Planning Organization. Given data constraints, the analysis concentrates primarily on the Social Security Organization and the Civil Servants Retirement Organization, the two main pension funds. Occupational funds and non- contributory regimes are surveyed only briefly. The need to look more closely at these schemes in the near future i s emphasized. The report i s organized in eight sections. Section 1 presents the background o f the study. Section 2 provides a general overview o f the Iranian pension system. Sections 3 and 4 present detailed assessments of the Social Security Organization and the Civil Servants Retirement Organization. Section 5 concentrates on the tax treatment o f retirement savings. Section 6 proposes a framework for guiding pension reform, presents a typology o f pension mechanisms, and reviews international experiences. On the basis o f this framework, Section 7 outlines strategic directions for reforming the Iranian pension system and analyzes the financial and fiscal implications. Finally, Section 8 discusses the political economy o f pension reform and recommends necessary steps for the design and implementation o f a successful reform program.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Reformas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

Para visualizar el documento, clic aquí »

---

Public Policy and Extended Families : Evidence from Pensions in South Africa

Autor: Bertrand, Marianne; Mullainathan, Sendhil; Miller, Douglas.
Año: 2003
Resumen: How are resources allocated within extended families in developing economies? This question is investigated using a unique social experiment: the South African pension program. Under that program the elderly receive a cash transfer equal to roughly twice the per capita income of Africans in South Africa. The study examines how this transfer affects the labor supply of prime-age individuals living with these elderly in extended families. It finds a sharp drop in the working hours of prime-age individuals in these households when women turn 60 years old or men turn 65, the ages at which they become eligible for pensions. It also finds that the drop in labor supply is much larger when the pensioner is a woman, suggesting an imperfect pooling of resources. The allocation of resources among prime-age individuals depends strongly on their absolute age and gender as well as on their relative age. The oldest son in the household reduces his working hours more than any other prime-age household member.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Mercado Laboral
Tipo de Publicación: Documentos de Trabajo
Idioma:

Para visualizar el documento, clic aquí »

---