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Veterans: Pensions and Other Compensation in Post-Conflict Countries

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2005
Resumen: The question of how best to compensate veterans in the aftermath of war is one that is relevant to many developing countries. Civil wars and independence struggles often affect the poorest regions of the world, and leave an enormous financial burden, including benefits to former fighters and their survivors. The most recent examples are Afghanistan and Iraq. One of the many challenges post-conflict countries face is how to reduce the size of armies once the fighting stops, and how to assist former fighters or veterans, in a sustainable manner once they are no longer part of the army. Fiscal, social, or political pressures may all play a role in this process, including in peace-time. This note attempts to provide the reader with an overview of the different dimensions of veterans policy development, with particular reference to countries emerging from protracted conflict. Special attention is given to the common problems of definition, inclusion, financial sustainability and implementation, as well as the linkages between disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) and veterans policy.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
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Second Pillars: Provider and Product Selection for Funded Individual Accounts

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2005
Resumen: There are many ways to structure mandatory private pension funds that rely on individual accounts. As in any market there are products and firms that provide them. Both are typically circumscribed by the government for public policy reasons. Relevant legislation will specify the agent responsible for making key choices as to who manages the money and where it is invested. As discussed below, the focus of decision-making in funded schemes varies widely with potentially important implications for the performance of the scheme. In the context of mandated private pensions, this note looks at what investment and withdrawal products can be offered, who can offer them, and who chooses from among the alternatives available in this market.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Fondos de Inversión
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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Transition: Paying for a Shift from Pay-as-You-Go Financing to Funded Pensions

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2005
Resumen: There is a widespread perception that public pension systems in richer countries are in crisis. As schemes mature and the population ages, the burden of financing pensions has grown and, on current policies, will rise much further. Developing countries are younger and pension systems relatively immature. But the transformation in demographics and pension benefits that took over a century in richer nations is forecast to take less than 30 years in developing economies. The Bank has argued that a 'three-pillar' pension system can mitigate emerging problems in developing countries' public pension systems. The recommended system, set out in Averting the Old Age Crisis consists of 'a publicly managed system with mandatory participation and the limited goal of reducing poverty among the old; a privately managed mandatory savings system; and voluntary savings'. The note compares funded and pay-as-you-go finance of retirement incomes, highlighting the transition double burden, and, stipulates size of the transition will depend on the starting point: How generous is the current pay-as-you-go pension promise? How mature is the pay-as-you-go pension system? What is the age structure of the population? Transition costs can be controlled by a number of policies: Limiting the coverage of the funded program to new labor-market entrants or younger workers spreads the transition cost over a longer period; Scaling down existing pay-as-you-go liabilities is likely to play an important part in any fundamental pension reform; Governments can share in any extra returns to the funded system and use them to help pay for the transition cost. Countries have in practice used a mix of strategies. The precise balance between debt and budgetary finance (spending cuts or tax increases) should be chosen in the general context of a country's fiscal policy.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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Mexico - Income Generation and Social Protection for the Poor: Volume 3. An Overview of Social Protection

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2005
Resumen: This report provides a strategic overview of Mexico's federal social protection system, comprised of both social insurance and social assistance programs. It assesses its performance to date regarding income risk management for vulnerable groups, and identifies options for stepping up that performance. In doing so it responds to an increasing consensus in Mexico regarding the need for a major social protection policy reform, even if the direction of those reforms is still in flux. The report is designed to provide a first stage diagnostic of major issues facing the social protection system, as an input to ongoing discussion and debate in Mexico, and as a platform for further technical work on the specifics of reform. The report focuses on the role of federal government in the design and implementation of social protection policies, while recognizing that sub-national governments are playing an important role in the provision of these services. In doing so, it draws upon the first phase of the Mexico Programmatic Poverty Work, as well as the urban, rural and vulnerability studies conducted in parallel with this analysis. The report is organized into four chapters. Chapter 1 presents a brief review of social protection concepts, and establishes a framework for determining the optimal role for government in the provision of social protection (risk management) tools, as distinct from market-provided risk management tools, and those undertaken informally by and between households. Chapter 2 discusses the major sources of income vulnerability in Mexico, identifying the major risks that Mexican families faces, and explores the extent to which households have access to private risk management mechanisms for addressing these risks. Chapter 3 provides an overview and assessment of the social protection system in Mexico, and finally Chapter 4 discusses issues and options.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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Old Age Income Support in the 21st century: An International Perspective on Pension Systems and Reform

Autor: Hinz, Richard; Holzmann, Robert.
Año: 2005
Resumen: The book has a comprehensive introduction and two main parts. Part I presents the conceptual underpinnings for the Bank's thinking on pension systems and reforms, including structure of Bank lending in this area. Part II highlights key design and implementation issues where it signals areas of confidence and areas for further research and experience, and includes a section on regional reform experiences, including Latin American and Europe and Central Asia.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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