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Income Generation and Social Protection for the Poor

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2005
Resumen: This report summarizes and consolidates the findings of three Bank studies on poverty issues in Mexico, written as part of the second phase of this work: Urban Poverty, Rural Poverty, and Social Protection. It also expands on how Mexico will seek to use social protection policy as a vehicle for redistribution. Discussed in Chapter 1, the state has a clear role in providing risk-pooling mechanisms where private insurance markets fail (e.g., old age and health insurance), but the role of social protection policy in promoting redistribution is more an issue of national choice. That choice, however, has clear consequences for equity and poverty reduction outcomes. The economic trade?off between growth and equity, and thus between growth and redistribution, has been refuted by both theoretical advances, and international experience in recent years. International experience points to examples where redistribution has been achieved in a wide variety of ways. The choice is two fold: how much distribution; and through which means. The relative importance given to redistribution, and the role assigned to the social protection system in achieving equity objectives is a question of national objectives, but is crucial to guiding the direction of social protection policy reform. To summarize, the report finally focuses on four key emerging issues within social protection in Mexico: a) social security reform, b) health risks among the poor, c) old age poverty, and, d) the need to balance public risk management mechanisms with a more integrated strategy to combat chronic poverty. In order to tackle these challenges, Mexico faces a range of political choices.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
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Serbia and Montenegro: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix

Autor: Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI)
Año: 2005
Resumen: This Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix paper examines the scope for improving the effectiveness of fiscal policy of Serbia and Montenegro in containing the persistently large external imbalance. The paper discusses the causes of the current problems and presents preliminary results of the projected finances of the Fund for Employees (FE). It suggests options for reducing the cost of pension outlays, and provides preliminary estimates of the impact of the authorities’ recent reform package on the FE finances. The paper also provides a description of the main parameters of the Serbian pension system.

Fuente: Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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Financiación óptima de un régimen de pensiones

Autor: Plamondon, Pierre; Latulippe, Denis
Año: 2004
Resumen: ¿Cómo pueden las organizaciones de seguridad social optimizar la financiación de las pensiones en un entorno demográfico cambiante y en una economía volátil? Este interrogante es de crucial importancia en muchos países donde los regímenes de seguridad social financiados por reparto que entregan prestaciones sustanciales a los jubilados se enfrentan al envejecimiento de la población. En el continuo debate sobre la reforma de los sistemas nacionales de pensiones, se afirma a menudo que los regímenes privados de plena capitalización se adaptan mejor al "nuevo entorno" y que, por consiguiente, el papel de los regímenes públicos debe limitarse al alivio de la pobreza. La capacidad de los regímenes financiados por reparto de hacer frente a los costos crecientes de las pensiones, que resultan del envejecimiento de la población, es un argumento que se esgrime con frecuencia para justificar estas reformas estructurales. La presente ponencia tiene por objeto esclarecer el debate aportando resultados de simulaciones sobre la variabilidad de distintos métodos de financiación en un entorno demográfico cambiante y en una economía volátil. En otras palabras, se argumenta que la necesidad de estabilidad de las tasas de cotización no debe abordarse únicamente desde el punto de vista del entorno demográfico, sino también teniendo en cuenta elementos del entorno económico, como los tipos de interés, los salarios y los precios, que ejercen repercusiones decisivas en la financiación de las pensiones. La ponencia reseña los objetivos de la elección de un sistema de financiación y los elementos que determinan las tasas de cotización. Se analiza información sobre las características demográficas y económicas de distintos países y se emplea como punto de partida para las simulaciones actuariales. Estas simulaciones demuestran que cada método de financiación reacciona de manera distinta ante cada escenario demográfico y económico y que, en general, el sistema óptimo es aquel que combina de modo adecuado elementos de reparto y de capitalización. Una conclusión importante, basada en el análisis de carteras clásico, es que la capitalización parcial puede constituir un enfoque óptimo para potenciar los ingresos del régimen a largo plazo.

Fuente: Asociación Internacional de la Seguridad Social (AISS)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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Peru : Restoring the Multiple Pillars of Old Age Income Security

Autor: Banco Mundial
Año: 2004
Resumen: In this report, the components of a national retirement security system are categorized - as "pillars", or as "tiers" according to their objective. This is in marked contrast to other publications that categorize the branches of a pension system in accordance with who administers them (the public or private sector); how are benefits structured (final-salary defined benefit formula, or defined contributions); or, their financing mechanism (pay-as-you-go, or full funding). Thus, the term "first pillar" or "pillar one" refers to that part of a pension system intended to keep elderly out of poverty; "second pillar" or "pillar two" to that part intended to help individuals smooth consumption over their life-cycle, i.e., to prevent a dramatic fall in income at retirement time; and, "third pillar" or "pillar three" to the instruments, and institutions available on a voluntary basis for workers to increase their income in old age. This report intends to explore, and present policy options to extend formal protection against old age poverty risks, at a fiscally sustainable cost, and aims as well at restoring the multiple pillars of formal old age income security. The report reviews the current pillars of Peru's retirement security system, grown weak, and by and large, has failed to diversify the risks to old-age income. The public branch of the "second pillar" still threatens the Government's fiscal stance, and constrains management of the economy. The private branch is costly, risky and administered by a private oligopoly. The "third pillar" of voluntary savings, and insurance instruments is weak, costly, lacks transparency and fails to complement benefits from the mandatory pillars. The report takes a comprehensive approach in its analysis of Peru's retirement security institutions, and, is divided into five sections. Following this introduction, Section II presents the dimensions of Peru's vulnerability to poverty in old age, by examining the nature of the risks to income from ageing in Peru. The section continues with a look at how well Government administered and/or mandated pension plans are covering these risks. Section III provides the institutional background, reviews reforms to formal social security institutions in the 1990's, and the progress achieved, and, examines the serious problems remaining. Section lV presents an analysis of proposals for reforms to each branch of the retirement security system, while Section V concludes by presenting policy options - some straight forward measures, while others, deeper, more controversial reforms - consistent with meeting the stated objective of extending protection against poverty in old age, in a fiscally, sustainable manner.

Fuente: Banco Mundial
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Informes
Idioma:

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Financing social protection

Autor: Cichon, Michael; Scholz, Wolfgang; van de Meerendonk, Arthur; Hagemejer, Krzysztof; Bertranou, Fabio; Plamondon, Pierre
Año: 2004
Resumen: Social protection systems are pivotal elements in national governance. They embody the social values of any society. Social protection systems have three main objectives: to guarantee access to essential goods and services for all members of a society, to promote active socio-economic security, and to advance individual and social potential for poverty reduction and societal development.1 Social protection is an investment in the social and economic development of societies and individuals. It thus not only helps people to cope with risks and reduces inequalities, but also enables them to develop full potential for personal growth and meaningful contributions to their societies throughout their life. […] ILO and ISSA believe that books like this one always remain works in progress. We therefore encourage readers to contribute to the development of knowledge in the field of social protection financing by providing us with comments and suggestions for further work. We can thus develop together our knowledge base in social protection financing.

Fuente: Asociación Internacional de la Seguridad Social (AISS)
Clasificación: Seguridad Social y Sistemas de Pensiones
Tipo de Publicación: Libros
Idioma:

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